• Borax is used in making low-melting glaze frits without lead oxide.
• Borax occurs naturally as a precipitate from lakes and marshes in California.
• Borax is the chief source of boron oxide for glazes but because it is soluble in water, it is neccessary to introduce it into the glaze batch in a fritted form.*

Borates are used to initiate glass formation and reduce glass viscosity, helping to form a smooth surface; and to reduce thermal expansion, facilitating a good fit between the glaze or enamel and the item it covers. Borates in glazes and enamels also increase the refractive index, or luster; enhance durability and resistance to chemicals; and help dissolve coloring agents.

*source: The Potter's Dictionary of Materials & Techniques, Frank & Janet Hamer

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